Proposal and Bibliography Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Proposal and Bibliography - Assignment Example Examples of these conditions are Stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Heart disease, Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease among others (UK Stem Cell Foundation). The two basic types of stem cells are Adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells. They are typically found in the fetus, early embryo, placenta, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord blood (National Stem Cell Foundation of Australia 1-2). Problem Statement Stem cell research is a major development in the health industry although there are many ethical issues that it faces currently. Aim The aim of this proposal is to analyze the Ethics and Law of Stem Cell Research, especially in the methods how human tissue is donated because some of the methods used undermine human ethical standards (National Stem Cell Foundation of Australia). ... yze these issues" () Situational Analysis There is an increasing demand by researchers seeking eggs from young women to be used for embryonic cloning procedures. This harvesting involves administration of drugs that have not been approved for that purpose (Dianne Beeson 1-3). These drugs could pose serious harm to the women that participate in this exercise both long term and short term effects. The widespread practice exposes women to risks that are ethically unacceptable and have to be addressed. Another interesting issue to note is that the egg harvesting takes place in a research climate marked by conflict of interests. This kind of experiments has prompted the research I intend to carry out on stem cell research. The kinds of practices used in stem cell research have prompted the concern of human rights activists all over the world in pursuit of this research, how it adversely affects the stakeholders in it. The risk at which these researchers put the women through must be weigh ed against potential benefits. Method This will be a qualitative research design that will utilize both primary and ancillary data. The resultant data will be carried out through a desk research and library session. From the desk research, there will be a thorough analysis of online information such as online journals, medical websites, and online eBooks. Further research will be carried out through a library session where peer reviewed journal articles, periodicals, and books will be used to gather data on the issue at hand, ethical issues with stem cell research. All the information found will be noted down and taken to a central place to await analysis. Filing will be necessary to avoid loss of data or damage. The next step will be to collect primary data. In collecting primary data, the

Network Security Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Network Security - Term Paper Example The rapid growth of networking has also come with its own challenges, mainly in the area of network security. Maiwald defines security as the â€Å"freedom from danger, fear or anxiety: safety† (4). He also defines a network as an interlinked system. Therefore, network security can be defined as the safety of interlinked systems. There are to kinds of networks: synchronous network and data networks. Synchronous network systems are made up of switches, which makes them immune to malicious attacks. However, data network systems contain routers that are computer based, making them susceptible to all kinds of malicious attacks. The internet is perhaps the best known and most widely used data network on the globe today. A few years ago, the computer system was seen as a harmless piece of technology and not many people cared really for computer security. To many people at the time, most computer operations and software were illogical, thus the risk of hackers was quite low (Kaufman, Radia and Speciner 43). However, since the mid 1980s, networked computer workstations became common and with this came the issue of information and network security. More and more people are able to read and understand computer algorithms, meaning that the likelihood of a system being hacked into is very easy. Organizations are forced to share networks with distrustful organizations and individuals. The world of network security is quite hostile since a small percentage of the population can cause untold damage to a global network. This is the situation that makes network security such an important matter in today’s highly networked society. There is need to protect the data and information that companies, institutions and individuals need protected by designing fool-proof network security systems. History of Network Security Widespread interest in network security gained ground in the 1980s when Kevin Mitnick hacked into the systems of several companies and made away with $80 million. This was the biggest computer-related crime by a single person in the history of the United States. The birth of the internet also marked the beginning of the interest in network security. In 1969, internet was developed after the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANet) was given the mandate to carry out research in networking. ARPANet was an instant success and before long, email applications had become quite popular (Pardoe and Snyder 223). Th InterNetworking Working Group (IWG) was given the responsibility of governing ARPANet by setting the standards for use. On the 1980s, TCP/IP, which is a common langu age shared by all computers connected to the internet, was developed. Thus internet was officially born. The mid 1980s saw a boom in the number of personal and commercial computers which led to many companies joining the internet bandwagon. In the early 1990s it was the urn of the public to get access to the internet, and this marked the birth of the World Wide Web (WWW) era. Today the internet is widespread all across the world and many people carry out their daily activities online (Maiwald 60). The actual history of internet security began in 1918 when an enigma machine that could convert plain text to encrypted messages was developed in Poland. 22 years later, Alan Turing broke the enigma code. The word hacker was first coined by students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The Telnet Protocol developed in the 1970s and this led to data networks being accessed by the public. The 1980s saw the rise of hackers and computer-related crimes. The Computer fraud and Abu se Act was enacted in 1986 to minimize cases of information stealing from military and federal offices (Kaufman, Radia and

Contracting and Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contracting and Ethics - Assignment Example However, according to the records the individual was able to access non- public propriety information regarding the protester’s performance of the contract that was incumbent, thus appearing to be challenged procurement. Therefore AGPH should be excluded from the competitive bid as it used the services of a former government staff which is unethical with regard to government laws on contracts. With regard to protesting the bid, Government Accountability Office (GAO) will issue the decision arrived at regarding the protest within the hundred days after it has been filed. GAO considers protests that concerns awards of subcontracts by or sales of a federal agency, or of a federal agency, or procurements made by the government agencies other than the Federal agencies. According to Lebowitz (2009) asserted that If GAO finds out that the award is not in compliance with the regulations it may recommend the AGPH to pay the protester the costs of filing and pursuing the protest, and th e bid and proposal preparation. In addition, protests are dismissed on the basis of; contract administration; contracting officer’s affirmative responsibility; and procurement integrity. 2. Since TMA was in the Department of Defense (D.O.D) responsible for awarding and management of contracts. Through the issuance of an RFP the issuance of contracts was to undergo evaluation before being awarded. This includes using the technical approach, past performance and finally price/cost. By employing the services of a former employee of TMA it means the whole process is flawed as he had access to information not available to the public. Therefore, AGPH should have utilized the rating scheme for purpose of evaluating on technical merit. According to the Agency Report (AR) Tab 86, of the Source Selection Evaluation Guide (SSEG) at 11-12, a flaw in the proposal increases the risk of unsuccessful contract performance. Also, TMA should evaluate each of the sub factors stemming from propos al risk. With regard to assessment of the ethics issue relevance rating is vital. In assessment and assignment of performance the following rating scheme is utilized; exceptional, satisfactory, marginal and not satisfactory. TMA is to receive time proposals from entities like AGHP for the contracts of the North Region. TMA’s is to commence evaluation and selection process with the establishment of three evaluation teams: firstly is the technical evaluation team (TET), which is to evaluate technical proposals; performance assessment group (PAG), which evaluates past performance information of offeror’s; and the price/cost unit, tasked with analyzing the price/cost proposals. The teams’ findings are then to be submitted to the chairperson of the Source Selection Evaluation Board (SSEB), who prepares best value award recommendation and evaluation report for consideration by source selection authority (SSA). The SSA following advice from the source selection advisor y council (SSAC) makes the final decision on best value award (G.A.O, 2009). 3. So as to avoid malpractices in the bidding and contracting processes integrity is paramount. The AGPH and TMA should set integrity mechanisms in their organizations. It is useful to conduct interviews including the very key individuals within the TMA who presumably would have wider direct knowledge of the activities of the former government employee. Also

Marketing a Blackberry Phone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing a Blackberry Phone - Essay Example The researcher states that Blackberry is one of the most reliable cell phone manufacturing companies. It provides innovative, stylish, and reliable mobile phones to the customers. The paper tells that some of the biggest attractions of Blackberry mobile phones include enhanced connectivity, excellent camera results, and a long battery time. The present research has identified that the target audience for the new Blackberry mobile phone will be the middle-class people, college students, money spenders, young children. This paper illustrates that the phone includes all such features that a high priced mobile phone includes. According to the study conducted, the only difference is the price of the phone. This essay discusses that the price has been kept low in order to make it affordable for the people who do not enough money to buy a reliable phone. The target group is not just local customers from the United States; rather the product will be made available to international customers through online services. The author has rightly presented that the new Blackberry phone, which we are going to advertise, has a number of attractive features and qualities, which make this product different from many of its competitors. Although such features can be found in some of the latest mobile phones manufactured by other companies but they cannot meet the level of quality and reliability provided by the Blackberry 9380 GSM Cellular Phone.

World Culture Term Paper. Islam Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

World Culture . Islam - Term Paper Example It will also illustrate how the pillars as a group affect the society positively. The first pillar of Islam is the declaring of faith also known as shahadah. This is where in order for someone to become a Muslim; they must declare that they believe in only one Allah. By doing so, they agree that there is no other real god who deserves to be worshiped. By proclaiming their faith, they agree that only Allah is supposed to be worshiped, and he has neither a son nor a partner. Shahadah is regarded as the most essential pillar of Islam (Hussein 4). However, believers are not only supposed to make the statement but should also believe in what they are declaring. Shahadah helps the society in that, by declaring that one believes in only the true God Allah and his servant Mohamed is accepting to become a Muslim. In order for one to be a faithful Muslim, they must follow all instructions of Allah through the Koran. Since the Koran prohibits social evils which include prostitution, stealing, c orruption and drinking of alcohol among other things, such things will be minimal in the society. For example, health issues such as spread of sexually transmitted infections like HIV/AIDS will not affect the society if each and every person in the society declares their faith in Islam. Issues such corruption among government officials will be minimal hence development of the society both in infrastructure and economy. The second pillar of Islam is known as salat. This is an Islamic prayer which believers are supposed to pray five times every day. This prayer takes only five minutes and is regarded as a direct link to Allah (Hussein 26). The first prayer is known as fajir and is said early in the morning before the sun rises. Zuhr is the second prayer and is usually said at noon. The third prayer is asr and is normally said after noon. The forth and the final prayer s are Maghrib and isha which are said after the sun sets and in the late in the evening respectively. These prayers ar e supposed to be said while both kneeling and bowing which signifies submitting to Allah. Believers should purify themselves by washing their hands before reciting these prayers (Hussein 28). Salat helps the society in that it gives believers comfort, inner peace and happiness. This in turn results in good relations between people in the society as they go about their daily activities. This will affect the society positively because people will interact when they are in good moods hence there will be no confrontations. This will result to people living in harmony and helping each other thus a better society. Prayer also brings blessings from Allah thus resulting to the entire society being blessed. Zakat is the third pillar of Islam in Islam. All believers of Islam are required to give 2.5 percent of their material wealth to the less fortunate in the society. However, giving is not limited to the 2.5 percent. It is based on the fact that all wealth belongs to Allah and is given to p eople to keep it safe (Hussein 42) and since God is the one who provides to the needy, they are just doing God’s work. However, there are five guidelines that should be followed when giving zakat (Hussein 45). First of all someone should proclaim to Allah that they wish to give zakat; it should also be given in time; after giving one should not overstate what they have offered during prayer; if a believer is not in a financial position to give, it is not compulsory they can compensate by doing good things to others; finally, zakat given should be shared among the whole community. Zakat improves the society in that; needy people are taken care of by the society itself. They are given food,

Old City of Jerusalem and Its Walls Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Old City of Jerusalem and Its Walls - Essay Example Considering the different plants and animals that are found in the region and their species being very rare, it can be understood that these living organisms involve a biological interrelationship between them. Hasson also mentioned in his article that carnivorous animals are also observed in the areas. These facts throw light on the dependence of one organism on another for their living that gives rise to the interrelationship between them. While carnivorous animals would feed on other smaller animals or organisms, these animals would feed on the different varieties of plants found in the region. Thus, the old city of Jerusalem and its walls reflect on the biological diversity available in the region and the biological interrelationships that they have between them.Considering the different plants and animals that are found in the region and their species being very rare, it can be understood that these living organisms involve a biological interrelationship between them. Hasson als o mentioned in his article that carnivorous animals are also observed in the areas. These facts throw light on the dependence of one organism on another for their living that gives rise to the interrelationship between them. While carnivorous animals would feed on other smaller animals or organisms, these animals would feed on the different varieties of plants found in the region. Thus, the old city of Jerusalem and its walls reflect on the biological diversity available in the region and the biological interrelationships that they have between them.... While carnivorous animals would feed on other smaller animals or organisms, these animals would feed on the different varieties of plants found in the region. Thus, the old city of Jerusalem and its walls reflect on the biological diversity available in the region and the biological interrelationships that they have between them. Human Intrusions Threatening the Area: The old city of Jerusalem and its walls are encountered severely with the threats arising from the intrusions from human beings. This is primarily because the status of the city is not known and there lies no general agreement as far as the political power is concerned. Thus there are claims from different power for the control of the city. These claims and differences have led to threats of devastation for the city. The resultant urban development leading to human intrusions throw light on the deterioration that the city encounters in the midst of the power claims. The conservation power of the city gets affected as a consequence of such activities (Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls, 2012). UNESCO has been performing its role in this regard trying to bring about the necessary rules and principles that can rescue the city and its heritage properties as well as the lives of the living organisms making their abodes in the abandoned regions of the city (Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls, 2012). Thus it can be realized that while human beings have the tendency to bring control on the city of Jerusalem intruding and creating threats for the city, threats also arise for the flora and fauna that have found their residence in the old city and its walls. This is indeed a matter of great concern since if protective measures cannot be taken, the rare species might be found to become extinct.

The Right to Privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Right to Privacy - Essay Example In particular, privacy might be split into four classes (1) Physical: control on others to experience a situation or person through their human senses; (2) Informational: control on looking for or disclosing facts, which are unknowable or unknown to others; (3) Decisional: control on inquisitive in decisions, which are restricted to an entity; and finally, (4) Dispositional: control on efforts to know a person’s state of mind (Etzioni 56). The content and limits of what is regarded private varies among individuals and cultures, but share general themes. Privacy is, at times, associated with secrecy, the desire to stay unidentified or unnoticed in public matters. When a matter is private to an individual, it normally means there is something in them, which is considered personally sensitive or intrinsically special. The extent to which private and confidential information is revealed, hence, relies on how the public will perceive these facts, which differs between places and ov er time (Etzioni 56). There have been numerous debates concerning peoples’ right to privacy. The state argues that people make wrong use of this rule by doing illegal activities yet keep it away from the authorities claiming that it is a right to privacy. However, others consider that it is a significant element of human rights and that the regime should grant this right to its citizens (Gonchar 1). This paper will describe this right and where is it found. It will also discuss how was it developed and whether or not it should be openly included in the United States Constitution. Right to Privacy Definition In recent days, there have been extremely few efforts evidently and correctly to describe a "right to privacy." By the turn of the millennium (2000), learners of the Haifa Institute for Law & Technology confirmed that, in reality, the right to privacy ought not to be labeled as a distinct legal right, in any way (Thomson 74). Through their interpretation, present laws pert aining to privacy, in essence, should be adequate. Other scholars, such as Dean Prosser, have endeavored, but not succeeded, to uncover a mutual understanding between leading privacy cases in courts at least to formulate an explanation (Gallagher 12). One law school dissertation from Israel, nevertheless, on the issue of "privacy in the digital world," proposes that the right to privacy ought to be seen as a self-regulating right, which requires legal security in itself (Lever 56). It has, hence, suggested a working description to the "right to privacy. According to this institution, the right to privacy is peoples’ right to uphold a domain around them, which comprises of all those issues that are significant to them, such as their body, property, home, feelings, thoughts, identity, as well as secrets (Thomson 74). This right offers people the ability to choose which parts in this domain can be accessed by others, and to control the extent, manner and timing of the use of tho se parts we choose to disclose. Where the Right Is Found and How It Was Developed The right to privacy is a historical paradox of the United States constitutional law (Moore 20). Even if it did not exist as doctrine till late 1961, it did not create the basis of a Supreme Court verdict up to 1965 (Thomson 77). It is, in essence, the oldest constitutional right. This right of privacy establishes the foundation of the freedom of conscience articulated in the First Amendment, the right to be protected in one's self articulated in the Fourth Amendment, as well as the right to decline self-incrimination articulated in the Fifth Amendment, in spite of the truth that the word "privacy" itself is